Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
In modern times it is becoming more and more common to create teams consisting of representatives of many cultures. The functioning of multicultural teams brings many benefits, but also forces to overcome many difficulties. The aim of this article is to identify differences in the perception of working in multicultural teams in the perception of young people (students) from Poland and Romania. The study was conducted in 2019 using a diagnostic survey method with the CAWI technique. Statistical analysis based on Mann-Whitney U test was performed on 2,100 correctly filled forms (1,121 from Bialystok University of Technology in Poland and 979 from the Babes-Bolyai University in the Romania). The obtained results indicate that the key skills and competencies for both Polish and Romanian students are knowledge of foreign languages and openness to representatives of other cultures. The respondents considered the language barrier as the most significant difficulty. In their opinion, stereotypes and prejudices, xenophobia and closure to difference as well as ethnocentrism are other important obstacles. At the same time, the above difficulties are more important from the point of view of the Polish female interviewees than other groups of respondents. Possibilities to learn how to cooperate and communicate with people from different cultures and the possibility to improve language skills are the main benefits of working in multicultural teams. These are more important for Romanian men than for the rest of the respondents. The obtained results may serve as a basis for further in-depth research and analysis, and as important information in creating teams consisting of representatives of Polish and Romanian cultures, as well as selecting the scope of training for these groups....
Leadership has been defined as a methodology of social influence in which one individual can engage the aid and the support of others in the achievement of a typical task. For instance, some comprehend a leader essentially as someone whom individuals take after or as someone who guides or motivates individuals, while others characterize leadership as “arranging a group of individuals to attain a typical objective and achieve mutual objectives”. Leadership studies have created several types of theories including traits, function, power, situational interaction, vision, behavior, intelligence and charisma. For instance, the leadership Grid is a situational leadership which is based on two behavioral dimensions—concern for production, plotted on the X-axis on a scale from one to nine points; and concern for people, plotted on a similar scale along the Y-axis. The model proposes that the team leadership style, which displays a high degree of concern for both production and people, may boost employee productivity. This paper addresses Ethics in Leadership and how ethical and unethical leaders affect the performance of employees and addresses at the same time the impact of leadership behavior in different economics whether static or dynamic....
Due to the constantly changing environment contemporary organizations need to redefine the roles of their managers and highlight the significance of certain competencies. They are primarily required to attract, maintain and develop the most competent people, keep a high efficiency, stimulate innovation, adjust mutual visions, strategies and conduct and provide a work-life balance. Still, they cannot forget about other important issues, such as swift operation in a multicultural environment, preparedness for lifelong learning, high standards of conduct, creativity and flexibility as well as aptitude to take risks. Hence, apart from performing standard leadership activities that include planning, organizations, controlling, and motivation boosting, leaders of multicultural teams must possess a certain set of attributes in that respect. These are: being tolerant, respectful, empathetic, open to change and goal-oriented. Also, leaders need to know the merits and needs of their subordinates, attempt to create a cooperative atmosphere as well as target culturally conditioned issues, and overcome their own cultural stereotypes. Therefore, the authors of this article aim to diagnose different perceptions of leadership in multicultural teams, as provided by survey participants from Poland and Romania. The study was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey based on the CAWI technique. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to perform a statistical analysis of 2,240 correctly filled questionnaires, , 1,183 from Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) and 1,036 from the Babes-Bolyai University (Romania). The outcomes show that effortless communication is not equally shared among leaders, though it is highly needed. To be a leader in a multicultural team, one needs to possess not only knowledge and competence, but also cultural intelligence. These findings may provide a basis for some more comprehensive research and analyses, offer important information for those willing to create teams comprised of Polish and Romanian representatives, as well as be useful in choosing the scope of training for such formed groups....
Performance expectancy is the extent to which an individual believes that using a system will help him or her attain gains in job performance. In the context of this study, performance expectancy refers to the student’s belief that using e-learning will be beneficial and interesting in achieving high performance in learning. Therefore, this study scrutinized the effect of Performance Expectancy (PE) on Actual Use of e-learning (AU) throughout the mediating role of Behavioural Intention (BI) to use elearning among Higher College of Technology (HCT) in Abu Dhabi. In this quantitative study, a structured survey questionnaire, using a 5-point Likert scale, was used to collect data from a total of 406 respondents from HCT’s students. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Prior to structural modeling, the validity and reliability of the measurement and the structural models were ascertained. Findings show that there was a substantial mediation effect of Behavioural Intention to Use e-learning in the relationship between Performance Expectancy on Actual Use of e-learning. The findings contribute to the extant literature by integrating the factors that could improve Actual Use of e-learning. Based on the findings of the research study, it was recommended that Higher College of Technology institution and other institutions in United Arab Emirate should encourage their students to adopt more e-learning. These results are considered an evidence that students are willing to use e-learning systems in their study activities....
Purpose: The current study’s main goal is to investigate the impact of job stress on deviant workplace behavior in Egyptian firms. More precisely, it analyzes common job stresses such as role conflict, work overload, and role ambiguity, as well as non-job-related stressors such as family-to-work conflict. The proposed model is based on general strain theory. Design/Methodology/ Approach: Multiple regression analysis is utilized in this study to investigate the relationship between variables, and structural equation modeling is used to assess structural links between measured variables and estimate the significance and size of causal linkages between the variables. Finally, a statistical model’s goodness of fit is used to assess and characterize how well a set of observations fits. It summarizes the discrepancy between the observed values and the predicted values under the statistical model. Findings: Results of the study have found that job stress has no direct effect on deviant workplace behavior; however, job satisfaction directs the effect which means that when employees are stressed, their satisfaction may decrease and so their deviant behavior may increase. Research Limitations/Implications: Because of the research approach and sampling technique used, the research findings may be limited in their generalizability. As a result, researchers are encouraged to examine the presented assumptions further. Practical Consequences: The study discusses the implications for the development workplace environment as well as managing the balance of work and family obligations. Originality/Value: This report addresses an acknowledged need by investigating how deviant workplace behavior might be reduced....
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